With a hand or stand mixer, combine flour, sugar, baking soda, and salt.
With the mixer on low, add 6 tablespoons of butter, one piece at a time. Mix until the flour mixture resembles moist crumbs with no visible butter chunks remaining, about 1 to 2 minutes.
Add 1 egg, 1 yolk, vanilla, and buttermilk. Beat at medium speed for 1 to 2 minutes, until the batter becomes light and fluffy, scraping down the sides of the bowl if necessary.
Spread the cake batter evenly into the prepared pan. Top the batter with an even layer of pea-sized crumble topping pieces.
Bake the cake for 35 to 40 minutes, or until golden brown and a toothpick inserted comes out clean and crumb-free. Cool on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes.
Remove the cake from the pan by lifting it out of the pan by the edges of the parchment paper and dust it with powdered sugar.